Bolinder J, Ljunggren Ö, Kullberg J, Johansson L, Wilding J, Langkilde AM, Sugg J, Parikh S Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Mar;97(3):1020-31. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2260. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
Chao EC Dapagliflozin: an evidence-based review of its potential in the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Core Evid. 2012;7:21-8. doi: 10.2147/CE.S16359. Epub 2012 Jun 1.
Ferrannini E, Ramos SJ, Salsali A, Tang W, List JF Dapagliflozin monotherapy in type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate glycemic control by diet and exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Diabetes Care. 2010 Oct;33(10):2217-24. doi: 10.2337/dc10-0612. Epub 2010 Jun 21.
Kaku K, Inoue S, Matsuoka O, Kiyosue A, Azuma H, Hayashi N, Tokudome T, Langkilde AM, Parikh S Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin as a monotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese patients with inadequate glycaemic control: a phase II multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2013 May;15(5):432-40. doi: 10.1111/dom.12047. Epub 2013 Jan 25.
Kasichayanula S, Liu X, Lacreta F, Griffen SC, Boulton DW Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dapagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2014 Jan;53(1):17-27. doi: 10.1007/s40262-013-0104-3. Review.
Kilov G, Leow S, Thomas M SGLT2 inhibition with dapagliflozin -- a novel approach for the management of type 2 diabetes. Aust Fam Physician. 2013 Oct;42(10):706-10. Review.
Lambers Heerspink HJ, de Zeeuw D, Wie L, Leslie B, List J Dapagliflozin a glucose-regulating drug with diuretic properties in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2013 Sep;15(9):853-62. doi: 10.1111/dom.12127. Epub 2013 Jun 5.
Rosenstock J, Vico M, Wei L, Salsali A, List JF Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy. Diabetes Care. 2012 Jul;35(7):1473-8. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1693. Epub 2012 Mar 23.
Zhang L, Feng Y, List J, Kasichayanula S, Pfister M Dapagliflozin treatment in patients with different stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus: effects on glycaemic control and body weight. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010 Jun;12(6):510-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01216.x.
Effect of Dapagliflozin Administration on Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Sensitivity, and Insulin Secretion
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
