Mental Health Issue — Randomized Trial to Improve Safe Firearm Storage
Citation(s)
Albright TL, Burge SK Improving firearm storage habits: impact of brief office counseling by family physicians. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2003 Jan-Feb;16(1):40-6. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.16.1.40.
Azrael D, Cohen J, Salhi C, Miller M Firearm Storage in Gun-Owning Households with Children: Results of a 2015 National Survey. J Urban Health. 2018 Jun;95(3):295-304. doi: 10.1007/s11524-018-0261-7.
Beidas RS, Rivara F, Rowhani-Rahbar A Safe Firearm Storage: A Call for Research Informed by Firearm Stakeholders. Pediatrics. 2020 Nov;146(5):e20200716. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-0716. Epub 2020 Oct 9. No abstract available.
Carbone PS, Clemens CJ, Ball TM Effectiveness of gun-safety counseling and a gun lock giveaway in a Hispanic community. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005 Nov;159(11):1049-54. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.159.11.1049.
Gittelman MA, Pomerantz WJ, Laurence S An emergency department intervention to increase booster seat use for lower socioeconomic families. Acad Emerg Med. 2006 Apr;13(4):396-400. doi: 10.1197/j.aem.2005.11.002. Epub 2006 Mar 10.
Miller M, Azrael D, Hemenway D The epidemiology of case fatality rates for suicide in the northeast. Ann Emerg Med. 2004 Jun;43(6):723-30. doi: 10.1016/S0196064404000691.
Monuteaux MC, Azrael D, Miller M Association of Increased Safe Household Firearm Storage With Firearm Suicide and Unintentional Death Among US Youths. JAMA Pediatr. 2019 Jul 1;173(7):657-662. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1078. Erratum In: JAMA Pediatr. 2019 Jul 1;173(7):704.
Posner JC, Hawkins LA, Garcia-Espana F, Durbin DR A randomized, clinical trial of a home safety intervention based in an emergency department setting. Pediatrics. 2004 Jun;113(6):1603-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.113.6.1603.
Rowhani-Rahbar A, Simonetti JA, Rivara FP Effectiveness of Interventions to Promote Safe Firearm Storage. Epidemiol Rev. 2016;38(1):111-24. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxv006. Epub 2016 Jan 13.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
