Menopause — Effect of Red Clover on Menopause Symptoms and Lipid Profile
Citation(s)
Campbell MJ, Woodside JV, Honour JW, Morton MS, Leathem AJ Effect of red clover-derived isoflavone supplementation on insulin-like growth factor, lipid and antioxidant status in healthy female volunteers: a pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jan;58(1):17
Hidalgo LA, Chedraui PA, Morocho N, Ross S, San Miguel G The effect of red clover isoflavones on menopausal symptoms, lipids and vaginal cytology in menopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2005 Nov;21(5
Luis A, Domingues F, Pereira L Effects of red clover on perimenopausal and postmenopausal women's blood lipid profile: A meta-analysis. Climacteric. 2018 Oct;21(5):446-453. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1501673.
Shakeri F, Taavoni S, Goushegir A, Haghani H Effectiveness of red clover in alleviating menopausal symptoms: a 12-week randomized, controlled trial. Climacteric. 2015;18(4):568-73. doi: 10.3109/13697137.2014.999660. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
Isoflavones Obtained From Red Clover Improves Both Dyslipidemia and Menopausal Symptoms in Menopausal Women: a Prospective Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
