Menopause — Stop Ovarian Cancer Young; Effect of the Opportunistic Salpingectomy on Age of Menopause
Citation(s)
Falconer H, Yin L, Gronberg H, Altman D Ovarian cancer risk after salpingectomy: a nationwide population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015 Jan 27;107(2):dju410. doi: 10.1093/jnci/dju410. Print 2015 Feb.
Hanley GE, Kwon JS, Finlayson SJ, Huntsman DG, Miller D, McAlpine JN Extending the safety evidence for opportunistic salpingectomy in prevention of ovarian cancer: a cohort study from British Columbia, Canada. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Aug;219(2):172.e1-172.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.05.019. Epub 2018 May 28.
McAlpine JN, Tone AA, Hanley GE Opportunistic Salpingectomy: We Chose to Act, Not Wait. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2016 May;38(5):425-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2016.04.084. Epub 2016 May 6. No abstract available.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
