Menopause — Climacteric Therapy With Applied Relaxation Using InterNet
Citation(s)
Berg G, Gottwall T, Hammar M, Lindgren R Climacteric symptoms among women aged 60-62 in Linköping, Sweden, in 1986. Maturitas. 1988 Oct;10(3):193-9. Erratum in: Maturitas 1988 Dec;10(4):363. Gottgall T [corrected to Gottwall T].
Carlbring P, Ekselius L, Andersson G Treatment of panic disorder via the Internet: a randomized trial of CBT vs. applied relaxation. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2003 Jun;34(2):129-40.
Karling P, Hammar M, Varenhorst E Prevalence and duration of hot flushes after surgical or medical castration in men with prostatic carcinoma. J Urol. 1994 Oct;152(4):1170-3.
Lisspers J, Nygren A, Söderman E Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD): some psychometric data for a Swedish sample. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1997 Oct;96(4):281-6.
Nedstrand E, Wijma K, Wyon Y, Hammar M Applied relaxation and oral estradiol treatment of vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2005 Jun 16;51(2):154-62.
Nedstrand E, Wyon Y, Hammar M, Wijma K Psychological well-being improves in women with breast cancer after treatment with applied relaxation or electro-acupuncture for vasomotor symptom. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2006 Dec;27(4):193-9.
Ost LG Applied relaxation: description of a coping technique and review of controlled studies. Behav Res Ther. 1987;25(5):397-409. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
