Maternal Health — International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium
Citation(s)
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Dawod B, Marshall JS Cytokines and Soluble Receptors in Breast Milk as Enhancers of Oral Tolerance Development. Front Immunol. 2019 Jan 22;10:16. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00016. eCollection 2019.
Demmelmair H, Prell C, Timby N, Lonnerdal B Benefits of Lactoferrin, Osteopontin and Milk Fat Globule Membranes for Infants. Nutrients. 2017 Jul 28;9(8):817. doi: 10.3390/nu9080817.
Dror DK, Allen LH Overview of Nutrients in Human Milk. Adv Nutr. 2018 May 1;9(suppl_1):278S-294S. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy022.
Innis SM Impact of maternal diet on human milk composition and neurological development of infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Mar;99(3):734S-41S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.072595. Epub 2014 Feb 5.
Jiang R, Lonnerdal B Biological roles of milk osteopontin. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2016 May;19(3):214-9.
McGuire MK, McGuire MA Got bacteria? The astounding, yet not-so-surprising, microbiome of human milk. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2017 Apr;44:63-68. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.11.013. Epub 2016 Dec 8.
Moossavi S, Miliku K, Sepehri S, Khafipour E, Azad MB The Prebiotic and Probiotic Properties of Human Milk: Implications for Infant Immune Development and Pediatric Asthma. Front Pediatr. 2018 Jul 24;6:197. doi: 10.3389/fped.2018.00197. eCollection 2018.
Musilova S, Rada V, Vlkova E, Bunesova V Beneficial effects of human milk oligosaccharides on gut microbiota. Benef Microbes. 2014 Sep;5(3):273-83. doi: 10.3920/BM2013.0080.
Ruiz L, Garcia-Carral C, Rodriguez JM Unfolding the Human Milk Microbiome Landscape in the Omics Era. Front Microbiol. 2019 Jun 25;10:1378. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01378. eCollection 2019.
Wang B Molecular mechanism underlying sialic acid as an essential nutrient for brain development and cognition. Adv Nutr. 2012 May 1;3(3):465S-72S. doi: 10.3945/an.112.001875.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.