Mandibular Fractures — Treatment of Diacapitular Condylar Fractures
Citation(s)
Al-Kayat A, Bramley P A modified pre-auricular approach to the temporomandibular joint and malar arch. Br J Oral Surg. 1979 Nov;17(2):91-103.
Amaratunga NA A study of condylar fractures in Sri Lankan patients with special reference to the recent views on treatment, healing and sequelae. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1987 Oct;25(5):391-7.
Cascone P, Leonardi R, Marino S, Carnemolla ME Intracapsular fractures of mandibular condyle: diagnosis, treatment, and anatomical and pathological evaluations. J Craniofac Surg. 2003 Mar;14(2):184-91.
Chrcanovic BR, Abreu MH, Freire-Maia B, Souza LN 1,454 mandibular fractures: a 3-year study in a hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2012 Feb;40(2):116-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2011.03.012. Epub 2011 Mar 31.
Chrcanovic BR Open versus closed reduction: diacapitular fractures of the mandibular condyle. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012 Sep;16(3):257-65. doi: 10.1007/s10006-012-0337-6. Epub 2012 Jul 28. Review.
do Egito Vasconcelos BC, Bessa-Nogueira RV, da Silva LC Prospective study of facial nerve function after surgical procedures for the treatment of temporomandibular pathology. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007 May;65(5):972-8.
Dolwick MF, Kretzschmar DP Morbidity associated with the preauricular and perimeatal approaches to the temporomandibular joint. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1982 Nov;40(11):699-700.
Ellis E 3rd, Moos KF, el-Attar A Ten years of mandibular fractures: an analysis of 2,137 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1985 Feb;59(2):120-9.
Hall MB, Brown RW, Lebowitz MS Facial nerve injury during surgery of the temporomandibular joint: a comparison of two dissection techniques. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1985 Jan;43(1):20-3.
He D, Yang C, Chen M, Bin J, Zhang X, Qiu Y Modified preauricular approach and rigid internal fixation for intracapsular condyle fracture of the mandible. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Jul;68(7):1578-84. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.07.076.
Hlawitschka M, Eckelt U Assessment of patients treated for intracapsular fractures of the mandibular condyle by closed techniques. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2002 Jul;60(7):784-91; discussion 792.
House JW, Brackmann DE Facial nerve grading system. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1985 Apr;93(2):146-7.
House JW Facial nerve grading systems. Laryngoscope. 1983 Aug;93(8):1056-69.
Kim S, Matic DB The anatomy of temporal hollowing: the superficial temporal fat pad. J Craniofac Surg. 2005 Sep;16(5):760-3.
Krayenbühl N, Isolan GR, Hafez A, Yasargil MG The relationship of the fronto-temporal branches of the facial nerve to the fascias of the temporal region: a literature review applied to practical anatomical dissection. Neurosurg Rev. 2007 Jan;30(1):8-15;
Lindahl L Condylar fractures of the mandible. I. Classification and relation to age, occlusion, and concomitant injuries of teeth and teeth-supporting structures, and fractures of the mandibular body. Int J Oral Surg. 1977 Feb;6(1):12-21.
Loukota RA, Eckelt U, De Bont L, Rasse M Subclassification of fractures of the condylar process of the mandible. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005 Feb;43(1):72-3.
Loukota RA, Neff A, Rasse M Nomenclature/classification of fractures of the mandibular condylar head. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Sep;48(6):477-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2009.08.036. Epub 2009 Nov 6.
Marker P, Nielsen A, Bastian HL Fractures of the mandibular condyle. Part 1: patterns of distribution of types and causes of fractures in 348 patients. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000 Oct;38(5):417-21.
Mohan AP, Jeevan Kumar KA, Venkatesh V, Pavan Kumar B, Patil K Comparison of preauricular approach versus retromandibular approach in management of condylar fractures. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2012 Dec;11(4):435-41. doi: 10.1007/s12663-012-0350-1. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
Molina CV, Moreno RO, Coloma OB, Meza VD, Silva MA Preauricular approach: our alternative for surgical treatment of condylar fractures. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2013;42:1236
Spiessl B, Schroll K Gelenkfortsatz und gelenkkopfchenfracturen (Fractures of the condylar neck and head). Spezielle frakture und luxationslehre (Textbook of specialised fractures and dislocations) BD. I/I. Stuttgart: Thieme. 1972.
Weinberg S, Kryshtalskyj B Facial nerve function following temporomandibular joint surgery using the preauricular approach. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1992 Oct;50(10):1048-51.
Zachariades N, Mezitis M, Mourouzis C, Papadakis D, Spanou A Fractures of the mandibular condyle: a review of 466 cases. Literature review, reflections on treatment and proposals. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2006 Oct;34(7):421-32. Epub 2006 Oct 19. Review.
A Modified Preauricular Approach to Treat Diacapitular Condylar Fractures: The Supratemporalis Approach
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.