Malnutrition — Preventing Malnutrition in Children Under Two Years of Age Approach
Citation(s)
Loechl CU, Menon P, Arimond M, Ruel MT, Pelto G, Habicht JP, Michaud L Using programme theory to assess the feasibility of delivering micronutrient Sprinkles through a food-assisted maternal and child health and nutrition programme in rural Haiti. Matern Child Nutr. 2009 Jan;5(1):33-48. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2008.00154.x.
Menon P, Ruel MT, Loechl C, Pelto G From research to program design: use of formative research in Haiti to develop a behavior change communication program to prevent malnutrition. Food Nutr Bull. 2005 Jun;26(2):241-2.
Ruel MT, Menon P, Loechl C, Pelto G Donated fortified cereal blends improve the nutrient density of traditional complementary foods in Haiti, but iron and zinc gaps remain for infants. Food Nutr Bull. 2004 Dec;25(4):361-76.
Strengthening and Evaluating the "Preventing Malnutrition in Children Under Two Years of Age Approach" (PM2A) in Guatemala and Burundi
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
