Fourman MS, Gersch RP, Levites HA, Phillips BT, Bui DT Is There a Right Way to Interpret SPY? Normalization of Indocyanine Green Angiography Readings in a Burn Model. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015 Jul;136(1):128e-130e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001380. No abstract available.
Goertz O, Pieper A, Lohe LV, Stricker I, Dadras M, Behr B, Lehnhardt M, Harati K The Impact of Surgical Margins and Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Patients with Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcomas of the Extremities: A Single-Institutional Analysis of 192 Patients. Cancers (Basel). 2020 Feb 5;12(2):362. doi: 10.3390/cancers12020362.
Harati K, Lehnhardt M The changing paradigm of resection margins in sarcoma resection. Innov Surg Sci. 2017 Dec 6;2(4):165-170. doi: 10.1515/iss-2017-0043. eCollection 2017 Dec.
Mahjoub A, Morales-Restrepo A, Fourman MS, Mandell JB, Feiqi L, Hankins ML, Watters RJ, Weiss KR Tumor Resection Guided by Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Dye Fluorescence Angiography Results in Negative Surgical Margins and Decreased Local Recurrence in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2019 Mar;26(3):894-898. doi: 10.1245/s10434-018-07114-9. Epub 2018 Dec 27.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
