Executive Committee The Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Lymphedema: 2016 Consensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology. Lymphology. 2016 Dec;49(4):170-84.
Finnane A, Hayes SC, Obermair A, Janda M Quality of life of women with lower-limb lymphedema following gynecological cancer. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2011 Jun;11(3):287-97. doi: 10.1586/erp.11.30.
Lindqvist E, Wedin M, Fredrikson M, Kjolhede P Lymphedema after treatment for endometrial cancer - A review of prevalence and risk factors. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2017 Apr;211:112-121. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.02.021. Epub 2017 Feb 22.
Sawan S, Mugnai R, Lopes Ade B, Hughes A, Edmondson RJ Lower-limb lymphedema and vulval cancer: feasibility of prophylactic compression garments and validation of leg volume measurement. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2009 Dec;19(9):1649-54. doi: 10.1111/IGC.0b013e3181a8446a.
Yost KJ, Cheville AL, Weaver AL, Al Hilli M, Dowdy SC Development and validation of a self-report lower-extremity lymphedema screening questionnaire in women. Phys Ther. 2013 May;93(5):694-703. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20120088. Epub 2013 Jan 3.
Lower Limb Lymphedema After Gyneco-oncologic Therapy: Can we Prevent Irreversible Lymphedema?
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
