Lung Cancer — A Culturally Sensitive Values-Guided Aid for End of Life Decision-Making
Citation(s)
Braun U, McCullough L, Ford M, Espadas D, Beyth R End-of-life care across race and ethnicities: Voices of patients, surrogates, and physicians. [Abstract]. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2005 Apr 1; 53(s1):S137-8.
Braun U, Morgan RO, Ford ME, Beyth RJ Who gets what? Race/ethnicity matter for treatment of seriously ill veterans. [Abstract]. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2006 Apr 1; 54(S4):S180.
Braun UK, Beyth RJ, Ford ME, Espadas D, McCullough LB Decision-making styles of seriously ill male Veterans for end-of-life care: Autonomists, Altruists, Authorizers, Absolute Trusters, and Avoiders. Patient Educ Couns. 2014 Mar;94(3):334-41. doi: 10.101
Braun UK, Beyth RJ, Ford ME, McCullough LB Voices of African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic surrogates on the burdens of end-of-life decision making. J Gen Intern Med. 2008 Mar;23(3):267-74. doi: 10.1007/s11606-007-0487-7. Epub 2008 Jan 3.
Braun UK, Ford ME, Beyth RJ, McCullough LB The physician's professional role in end-of-life decision-making: voices of racially and ethnically diverse physicians. Patient Educ Couns. 2010 Jul;80(1):3-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2009.10.018. Epub 2009 Nov 30.
Braun UK, Ford ME, McCullough L, Beyth RJ Discussing End-of-Life Decision Making: Views of Racially and Ethnically Diverse Physicians. [Abstract]. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. 2006 Aug 1; 10(4):332.
Braun UK, Kunik ME, Pham C Treating depression in terminally ill patients can optimize their physical comfort at the end of life and provide them the opportunity to confront and prepare for death. Geriatrics. 2008 Jun;63(6):25-7. Review.
Braun UK, McCullough LB Preventing life-sustaining treatment by default. Ann Fam Med. 2011 May-Jun;9(3):250-6. doi: 10.1370/afm.1227.
Braun UK, Naik AD, McCullough LB Reconceptualizing the experience of surrogate decision making: reports vs genuine decisions. Ann Fam Med. 2009 May-Jun;7(3):249-53. doi: 10.1370/afm.963.
Menon S, McCullough LB, Beyth RJ, Ford ME, Espadas D, Braun UK Feasibility of Using a Values Inventory as a Discussion Aid about End-of-Life Care. Poster session presented at: Gerontological Society of America Annual Scientific Meeting; 2010 Nov 21; New
Nambiar A, McCullough L, Ford M, Beyth R, Braun UK Discussing End-of-Life Decision Making: Views of Racially and Ethnically Diverse Physicians. [Abstract]. The Gerontologist. 2006 Oct 1; 46(Special Issue 1):402.
Pham C, Braun UK Racial and Ethnic Differences in End-of-Life Care for Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. [Abstract]. Journal of pain and symptom management. 2009 Mar 1; 37(3):556-557.
A Culturally Sensitive Values-Guided Aid for End of Life Decision-Making
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
