Lumbar Ultrasound — Ultrasound for Neuraxial Anesthesia
Citation(s)
Ali ME, Laurito CE Ultrasound guidance for epidural catheter placement: a coming of age? J Clin Anesth. 2005 May;17(3):235-6.
Arzola C, Davies S, Rofaeel A, Carvalho JC Ultrasound using the transverse approach to the lumbar spine provides reliable landmarks for labor epidurals. Anesth Analg. 2007 May;104(5):1188-92, tables of contents.
Arzola C, Mikhael R, Margarido C, Carvalho JC Spinal ultrasound versus palpation for epidural catheter insertion in labour: A randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015 Jul;32(7):499-505. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000119.
Balki M, Lee Y, Halpern S, Carvalho JC Ultrasound imaging of the lumbar spine in the transverse plane: the correlation between estimated and actual depth to the epidural space in obese parturients. Anesth Analg. 2009 Jun;108(6):1876-81. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181a323f6.
Balki M Locating the epidural space in obstetric patients-ultrasound a useful tool: continuing professional development. Can J Anaesth. 2010 Dec;57(12):1111-26. doi: 10.1007/s12630-010-9397-y. Epub 2010 Nov 11. English, French.
Darrieutort-Laffite C, Bart G, Planche L, Glemarec J, Maugars Y, Le Goff B Usefulness of a pre-procedure ultrasound scanning of the lumbar spine before epidural injection in patients with a presumed difficult puncture: A randomized controlled trial. Joint Bone Spine. 2015 Oct;82(5):356-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.02.001. Epub 2015 Mar 9.
Grau T, Leipold RW, Conradi R, Martin E, Motsch J Ultrasound imaging facilitates localization of the epidural space during combined spinal and epidural anesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2001 Jan-Feb;26(1):64-7.
Hotta K [Ultrasound-guided epidural block]. Masui. 2008 May;57(5):556-63. Review. Japanese.
Karmakar MK, Li X, Ho AM, Kwok WH, Chui PT Real-time ultrasound-guided paramedian epidural access: evaluation of a novel in-plane technique. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Jun;102(6):845-54. doi: 10.1093/bja/aep079. Epub 2009 Apr 27.
Liu SS, Ngeow JE, Yadeau JT Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia and analgesia: a qualitative systematic review. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009 Jan-Feb;34(1):47-59. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181933ec3. Review.
Luo L, Ni J, Wu L, Luo D Ultrasound-guided epidural anesthesia for a parturient with severe malformations of the skeletal system undergoing cesarean delivery: a case report. Local Reg Anesth. 2015 May 6;8:7-10. doi: 10.2147/LRA.S81696. eCollection 2015.
Nassar M, Abdelazim IA Pre-puncture ultrasound guided epidural insertion before vaginal delivery. J Clin Monit Comput. 2015 Oct;29(5):573-7. doi: 10.1007/s10877-014-9634-y. Epub 2014 Oct 28.
Peng PW, Rofaeel A Using ultrasound in a case of difficult epidural needle placement. Can J Anaesth. 2006 Mar;53(3):325-6.
Perlas A, Chaparro LE, Chin KJ Lumbar Neuraxial Ultrasound for Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 Mar-Apr;41(2):251-60. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000184. Review.
Piosik ZM, Helbo-Hansen S, Sprehn M [Ultrasound-guided performance of labour epidural analgesia in a patient with thoracolumbar scoliosis]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2015 Jan 26;177(2A):102-3. Danish.
Singh S, Wirth KM, Phelps AL, Badve MH, Shah TH, Sah N, Vallejo MC Epidural catheter placement in morbidly obese parturients with the use of an epidural depth equation prior to ultrasound visualization. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013 Jul 25;2013:695209. doi: 10.1155/2013/695209. eCollection 2013.
Vaghadia H, Germain G, Tang R Epidural analgesia in parturients with ankylosing spondylitis: a role for ultrasound surveillance and ultrasound-guided placement. Can J Anaesth. 2013 Feb;60(2):206. doi: 10.1007/s12630-012-9822-5. Epub 2012 Nov 22.
Vallejo MC, Phelps AL, Singh S, Orebaugh SL, Sah N Ultrasound decreases the failed labor epidural rate in resident trainees. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2010 Oct;19(4):373-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2010.04.002. Epub 2010 Aug 8.
Wang Q, Yin C, Wang TL Ultrasound facilitates identification of combined spinal-epidural puncture in obese parturients. Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Nov;125(21):3840-3.
Wight JM, Male D, Combeer A Ultrasound-guided combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia for elective caesarean section in a patient with achondroplasia. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2013 Apr;22(2):168-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2013.01.007. Epub 2013 Mar 7.
Yamashita J, Yamauchi M, Yamakage M [Utility of ultrasound imaging for epidural blood patch in postdural puncture headache patients after caesarean section]. Masui. 2011 Jul;60(7):870-2. Japanese.
Study of the Use of Ultrasound Scan for Lumbar Regional Anesthesia
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.