Low Back Pain — Tactile Acuity in Experimentally Induced Acute Low Back Pain
Citation(s)
Adamczyk W, Slugocka A, Saulicz O, Saulicz E The point-to-point test: A new diagnostic tool for measuring lumbar tactile acuity? Inter and intra-examiner reliability study of pain-free subjects. Man Ther. 2016 Apr;22:220-6. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2015.12.012. Epub 2016 Jan 2.
Catley MJ, O'Connell NE, Berryman C, Ayhan FF, Moseley GL Is tactile acuity altered in people with chronic pain? a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain. 2014 Oct;15(10):985-1000. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.06.009. Epub 2014 Jun 28. Review.
Tsao H, Tucker KJ, Coppieters MW, Hodges PW Experimentally induced low back pain from hypertonic saline injections into lumbar interspinous ligament and erector spinae muscle. Pain. 2010 Jul;150(1):167-72. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.04.023. Epub 2010 May 26.
Wand BM, Di Pietro F, George P, O'Connell NE Tactile thresholds are preserved yet complex sensory function is impaired over the lumbar spine of chronic non-specific low back pain patients: a preliminary investigation. Physiotherapy. 2010 Dec;96(4):317-23. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2010.02.005.
Lumbar Tactile Acuity in Experimentally Induced Acute Low Back Pain
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
