Low Back Pain — Effects and Mechanisms of Specific Trunk Exercises in Low Back Pain
Citation(s)
Anderson-Worth SG, Henry SM, Bunn JY Use of real time ultrasound feedback enhances learning the abdominal hollowing exercise in patients with low back pain. New Zealand J Physiotherapy. 35(1):4-11, 2007.
Henry SM, Hitt JR, Jones SL, Bunn JY Decreased limits of stability in response to postural perturbations in subjects with low back pain. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2006 Nov;21(9):881-92. Epub 2006 Jun 27.
Henry SM, Teyhen DS Ultrasound imaging as a feedback tool in the rehabilitation of trunk muscle dysfunction for people with low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007 Oct;37(10):627-34. Review.
Henry SM, Westervelt KC The use of real-time ultrasound feedback in teaching abdominal hollowing exercises to healthy subjects. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005 Jun;35(6):338-45.
Jacobs JV, Henry SM, Jones SL, Hitt JR, Bunn JY A history of low back pain associates with altered electromyographic activation patterns in response to perturbations of standing balance. J Neurophysiol. 2011 Nov;106(5):2506-14. doi: 10.1152/jn.00296.2011. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
Jones SL, Henry SM, Raasch CC, Hitt JR, Bunn JY Individuals with non-specific low back pain use a trunk stiffening strategy to maintain upright posture. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012 Feb;22(1):13-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.10.006. Epub 2011 Nov 18.
Jones SL, Henry SM, Raasch CC, Hitt JR, Bunn JY Responses to multi-directional surface translations involve redistribution of proximal versus distal strategies to maintain upright posture. Exp Brain Res. 2008 May;187(3):407-17. doi: 10.1007/s00221-008-1312-1. Epub 2008 Feb 26.
Lomond KV, Henry SM, Hitt JR, DeSarno MJ, Bunn JY Altered postural responses persist following physical therapy of general versus specific trunk exercises in people with low back pain. Man Ther. 2014 Oct;19(5):425-32. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2014.04.007. Epub 2014 Apr 24.
Stokes IA, Gardner-Morse MG, Henry SM Abdominal muscle activation increases lumbar spinal stability: analysis of contributions of different muscle groups. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2011 Oct;26(8):797-803. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2011.04.006. Epub 2011 May 14.
Stokes IA, Gardner-Morse MG, Henry SM Intra-abdominal pressure and abdominal wall muscular function: Spinal unloading mechanism. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2010 Nov;25(9):859-66. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2010.06.018. Epub 2010 Jul 23.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
