Low Back Pain — Effect of Hamstring Stretching and Neural Mobilization on Range of Motion and Low Back Pain
Citation(s)
Boyd BS, Wanek L, Gray AT, Topp KS Mechanosensitivity of the lower extremity nervous system during straight-leg raise neurodynamic testing in healthy individuals. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009 Nov;39(11):780-90. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2009.3002.
Coppieters MW, Butler DS Do 'sliders' slide and 'tensioners' tension? An analysis of neurodynamic techniques and considerations regarding their application. Man Ther. 2008 Jun;13(3):213-21. Epub 2007 Mar 30.
Decoster LC, Cleland J, Altieri C, Russell P The effects of hamstring stretching on range of motion: a systematic literature review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005 Jun;35(6):377-87. Review.
Schäfer A, Hall T, Briffa K Classification of low back-related leg pain--a proposed patho-mechanism-based approach. Man Ther. 2009 Apr;14(2):222-30. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2007.10.003. Epub 2007 Dec 31. Review.
Schäfer A, Hall T, Müller G, Briffa K Outcomes differ between subgroups of patients with low back and leg pain following neural manual therapy: a prospective cohort study. Eur Spine J. 2011 Mar;20(3):482-90. doi: 10.1007/s00586-010-1632-2. Epub 2010 Dec 1.
Effect of Hamstring Stretching and Neural Mobilization on Range of Motion and Low Back Pain
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
