Low Back Pain — Preventive Intervention in Nursery School Teachers
Citation(s)
Browder DA, Childs JD, Cleland JA, Fritz JM Effectiveness of an extension-oriented treatment approach in a subgroup of subjects with low back pain: a randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther. 2007 Dec;87(12):1608-18; discussion 1577-9. Epub 2007 Sep 25.
Brown MZ, Gerberich SG Disabling injuries to childcare workers in Minnesota, 1985 to 1990. An analysis of potential risk factors. J Occup Med. 1993 Dec;35(12):1236-43.
Grant KA, Habes DJ, Tepper AL Work activities and musculoskeletal complaints among preschool workers. Appl Ergon. 1995 Dec;26(6):405-10.
Effectiveness of an Extension-Oriented Exercise Program in Preventing Neck and Low Back Complaints in Nursery School Teachers
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
