Liver Transplantation — Supplements SMOF in TPN for Liver Transplantation Recipients
Citation(s)
Barbosa VM, Miles EA, Calhau C, Lafuente E, Calder PC Effects of a fish oil containing lipid emulsion on plasma phospholipid fatty acids, inflammatory markers, and clinical outcomes in septic patients: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Crit Care.
Knapp HR Dietary fatty acids in human thrombosis and hemostasis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 May;65(5 Suppl):1687S-1698S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.5.1687S. Review.
Koffron A, Stein JA Liver transplantation: indications, pretransplant evaluation, surgery, and posttransplant complications. Med Clin North Am. 2008 Jul;92(4):861-88, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2008.03.008. Review.
Manzanares W, Langlois PL, Dhaliwal R, Lemieux M, Heyland DK Intravenous fish oil lipid emulsions in critically ill patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2015 Apr 16;19:167. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-0888-7. Review.
Mateu de Antonio J, Florit-Sureda M Effects unrelated to anti-inflammation of lipid emulsions containing fish oil in parenteral nutrition for adult patients. Nutr Hosp. 2017 Feb 1;34(1):193-203. doi: 10.20960/nh.882.
Nandivada P, Fell GL, Gura KM, Puder M Lipid emulsions in the treatment and prevention of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in infants and children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Feb;103(2):629S-34S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.103986. Epub 2016 Jan 20. Rev
Wei C, Hua J, Bin C, Klassen K Impact of lipid emulsion containing fish oil on outcomes of surgical patients: systematic review of randomized controlled trials from Europe and Asia. Nutrition. 2010 May;26(5):474-81. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.09.011. Epub 2
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.