Curro G, Centorrino T, Low V, Sarra G, Navarra G Long-term outcome with the prophylactic use of polypropylene mesh in morbidly obese patients undergoing biliopancreatic diversion. Obes Surg. 2012 Feb;22(2):279-82. doi: 10.1007/s11695-011-0486-y.
Deeken CR, Matthews BD Characterization of the Mechanical Strength, Resorption Properties, and Histologic Characteristics of a Fully Absorbable Material (Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate-PHASIX Mesh) in a Porcine Model of Hernia Repair. ISRN Surg. 2013 May 28;2013:238067. doi: 10.1155/2013/238067. Print 2013.
El-Khadrawy OH, Moussa G, Mansour O, Hashish MS Prophylactic prosthetic reinforcement of midline abdominal incisions in high-risk patients. Hernia. 2009 Jun;13(3):267-74. doi: 10.1007/s10029-009-0484-3. Epub 2009 Mar 5.
Flum DR, Horvath K, Koepsell T Have outcomes of incisional hernia repair improved with time? A population-based analysis. Ann Surg. 2003 Jan;237(1):129-35. doi: 10.1097/00000658-200301000-00018.
Glauser PM, Brosi P, Speich B, Kaser SA, Heigl A, Rosenberg R, Maurer CA Prophylactic Intraperitoneal Onlay Mesh Following Midline Laparotomy-Long-Term Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. World J Surg. 2019 Jul;43(7):1669-1675. doi: 10.1007/s00268-019-04964-6. Erratum In: World J Surg. 2019 Mar 29;:
Khorgami Z, Shoar S, Laghaie B, Aminian A, Hosseini Araghi N, Soroush A Prophylactic retention sutures in midline laparotomy in high-risk patients for wound dehiscence: a randomized controlled trial. J Surg Res. 2013 Apr;180(2):238-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.05.012. Epub 2012 May 24.
Kohler A, Lavanchy JL, Lenoir U, Kurmann A, Candinas D, Beldi G Effectiveness of Prophylactic Intraperitoneal Mesh Implantation for Prevention of Incisional Hernia in Patients Undergoing Open Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg. 2019 Feb 1;154(2):109-115. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2018.4221.
Kokotovic D, Bisgaard T, Helgstrand F Long-term Recurrence and Complications Associated With Elective Incisional Hernia Repair. JAMA. 2016 Oct 18;316(15):1575-1582. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.15217.
Sarr MG, Hutcher NE, Snyder S, Hodde J, Carmody B A prospective, randomized, multicenter trial of Surgisis Gold, a biologic prosthetic, as a sublay reinforcement of the fascial closure after open bariatric surgery. Surgery. 2014 Oct;156(4):902-8. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.06.022.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.