Language Development — Impact of Exposure to Television and Electronic Devices on Attention and Language in Children
Citation(s)
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Domingues-Montanari S Clinical and psychological effects of excessive screen time on children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2017 Apr;53(4):333-338. doi: 10.1111/jpc.13462. Epub 2017 Feb 6.
Duch H, Fisher EM, Ensari I, Harrington A Screen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013 Aug 23;10:102. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-102.
Harle B, Desmurget M [Effects on children's cognitive development of chronic exposure to screens]. Arch Pediatr. 2012 Jul;19(7):772-6. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2012.04.003. Epub 2012 May 18. French.
Lin HP, Chen KL, Chou W, Yuan KS, Yen SY, Chen YS, Chow JC Prolonged touch screen device usage is associated with emotional and behavioral problems, but not language delay, in toddlers. Infant Behav Dev. 2020 Feb;58:101424. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101424. Epub 2020 Feb 28.
Tran P, Subrahmanyam K Evidence-based guidelines for the informal use of computers by children to promote the development of academic, cognitive and social skills. Ergonomics. 2013;56(9):1349-62. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2013.820843. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
