Labor Pain — CSE for Labour Analgesia: A Comparison of Two Intrathecal Regimens
Citation(s)
Hess PE, Vasudevan A, Snowman C, Pratt SD Small dose bupivacaine-fentanyl spinal analgesia combined with morphine for labor. Anesth Analg. 2003 Jul;97(1):247-52, table of contents.
Lee BB, Ngan Kee WD, Hung VY, Wong EL Combined spinal-epidural analgesia in labour: comparison of two doses of intrathecal bupivacaine with fentanyl. Br J Anaesth. 1999 Dec;83(6):868-71.
Minty RG, Kelly L, Minty A, Hammett DC Single-dose intrathecal analgesia to control labour pain: is it a useful alternative to epidural analgesia? Can Fam Physician. 2007 Mar;53(3):437-42. Review.
Combined Spinal Epidural Analgesia in Labour: A Comparison of Two Intrathecal Regimens of Single Shot Spinal
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
