Du CB, Liu JW, Su W, Ren YH, Wei DZ The protective effect of ascorbic acid derivative on PC12 cells: involvement of its ROS scavenging ability. Life Sci. 2003 Dec 26;74(6):771-80. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.07.014.
Jerosch J Effects of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate on Cartilage Metabolism in OA: Outlook on Other Nutrient Partners Especially Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Int J Rheumatol. 2011;2011:969012. doi: 10.1155/2011/969012. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Aggarwal BB Recent developments in delivery, bioavailability, absorption and metabolism of curcumin: the golden pigment from golden spice. Cancer Res Treat. 2014 Jan;46(1):2-18. doi: 10.4143/crt.2014.46.1.2. Epub 2014 Jan 15.
Prokopieva VD, Yarygina EG, Bokhan NA, Ivanova SA Use of Carnosine for Oxidative Stress Reduction in Different Pathologies. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:2939087. doi: 10.1155/2016/2939087. Epub 2016 Jan 24.
Someya A, Ikegami T, Sakamoto K, Nagaoka I Glucosamine Downregulates the IL-1beta-Induced Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokine Genes in Human Synovial MH7A Cells by O-GlcNAc Modification-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. PLoS One. 2016 Oct 24;11(10):e0165158. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165158. eCollection 2016.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Regenexx Stem Cell Support Formula
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
