Knee Osteoarthritis — Ultrasound Guided Knee Injections in Musculoskeletal Medicine
Citation(s)
Berkoff DJ, Miller LE, Block JE Clinical utility of ultrasound guidance for intra-articular knee injections: a review. Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:89-95. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S29265. Epub 2012 Mar 20. Review.
Im SH, Lee SC, Park YB, Cho SR, Kim JC Feasibility of sonography for intra-articular injections in the knee through a medial patellar portal. J Ultrasound Med. 2009 Nov;28(11):1465-70.
Jackson DW, Evans NA, Thomas BM Accuracy of needle placement into the intra-articular space of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002 Sep;84(9):1522-7.
Peat G, McCarney R, Croft P Knee pain and osteoarthritis in older adults: a review of community burden and current use of primary health care. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001 Feb;60(2):91-7. Review.
Wiler JL, Costantino TG, Filippone L, Satz W Comparison of ultrasound-guided and standard landmark techniques for knee arthrocentesis. J Emerg Med. 2010 Jul;39(1):76-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.05.012. Epub 2008 Dec 5.
Practical Indications for Sonography in Musculoskeletal Medicine-Knee Joint Injections
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
