Knee Arthroscopy — Analysis of Joint Sounds in the Diagnosis of Knee Disorders
Citation(s)
Ludloff D ie Auskultation der Wirbelsäule, des Kreuzbeins und des Reckens. Münchener medizinische wochenschrift, LIII, 1197, 1906. Walters CF. The Value of Joint Auscultation. In: The Lancet, 1:920-921. 1929. Rangayyan RM, Wu YF. Screening of Knee-Joint Vibroarthrographic Signals Using Statistical Parameters and Radial Basis Functions. In: Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 46 (3) 2008: pp. 223-232. Chu ML, Gradisar IA, Zavodney LD. Possible Clinical Application of a Noninvasive Monitoring Technique of Cartilage Damage in Pathological Knee Joints. In: Journal of Clinical Engineering 3 (1), 1978: pp. 19-27. McCoy GF, McCrea JD, Beverland DE, Kernohan WG, Mollan RAB. Vibration Arthrography as a Diagnostic Aid in Diseases of the Knee. In: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 69-B (2), 1987: pp. 288-293. Reddy NP, Rothschild BM, Mandal, M, Gupta V, Suryanarayanan S. Noninvasive Acceleration Measurements to Characterize Knee Arthritis and Chondromalacia. In: Annals of Biomedical Engineering, v. 23, pp. 78-84, 1995. Krishnan S, Rangayyan RM, Bell GD, Frank CB, and Ladly KO. Adaptive Filtering, Modeling, and Classification of Knee Joint Vibroarthrographic Signals for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Articular Cartilage Pathology. In: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 35(6):677-684, 1997.
Analysis of Joint Sounds in the Diagnosis of Knee Disorders
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
