Knee Arthritis — Non-Invasive Distractor During Knee Arthroscopy
Citation(s)
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Jackson RW A history of arthroscopy. Arthroscopy. 2010 Jan;26(1):91-103. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2009.10.005. No abstract available.
Kramer DE, Bahk MS, Cascio BM, Cosgarea AJ Posterior knee arthroscopy: anatomy, technique, application. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Dec;88 Suppl 4:110-21. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.F.00607. No abstract available.
Lee JY, Chia ZY, Jiang L, Ang B, Chang P A Review of the Gillquist Maneuver: Modifications for a Safer and Easily Reproducible Approach for Knee Transintercondylar Notch Posterior Compartment Arthroscopy. Arthrosc Tech. 2020 Mar 3;9(4):e435-e438. doi: 10.1016/j.eats.2019.11.014. eCollection 2020 Apr.
Moran TE, Demers A, Awowale JT, Werner BC, Miller MD The Outside-In, Percutaneous Release of the Medial Collateral Ligament for Knee Arthroscopy. Arthrosc Tech. 2020 Feb 25;9(3):e393-e397. doi: 10.1016/j.eats.2019.11.008. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Ohishi T, Takahashi M, Suzuki D, Matsuyama Y Arthroscopic approach to the posterior compartment of the knee using a posterior transseptal portal. World J Orthop. 2015 Aug 18;6(7):505-12. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v6.i7.505. eCollection 2015 Aug 18.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
