Kidney Stones — Laser Versus Ultrasonic Lithotripsy in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Staghorn Stones
Citation(s)
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Mandal S, Goel A, Goyal NK Re: Staghorn morphometry: a new tool for clinical classification and prediction model for percutaneous nephrolithotomy monotherapy. (From: Mishra S, Sabnis RB, Desai M. J Endourol 2012;26:6-14). J Endourol. 2012 Aug;26(8):1099. doi: 10.1089/end.2012.0088. Epub 2012 Apr 17.
Qi S, Li L, Liu R, Qiao B, Zhang Z, Xu Y Impact of stone branch number on outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treatment of staghorn calculi. J Endourol. 2014 Feb;28(2):152-7. doi: 10.1089/end.2013.0333. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
Sun Y, Gao X, Zhou T, Chen S, Wang L, Xu C, Hou J 70 W holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn calculi. J Endourol. 2009 Oct;23(10):1687-91. doi: 10.1089/end.2009.1536.
Laser Versus Ultrasonic Lithotripsy in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Staghorn Stones
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Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
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Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
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