Ghanem VC, Ghanem RC, de Oliveira R Postoperative pain after corneal collagen cross-linking. Cornea. 2013 Jan;32(1):20-4. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e31824d6fe3.
Godefrooij DA, de Wit GA, Uiterwaal CS, Imhof SM, Wisse RP Age-specific Incidence and Prevalence of Keratoconus: A Nationwide Registration Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017 Mar;175:169-172. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.12.015. Epub 2016 Dec 28.
Peyman A, Nouralishahi A, Hafezi F, Kling S, Peyman M Stromal Demarcation Line in Pulsed Versus Continuous Light Accelerated Corneal Cross-linking for Keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2016 Mar;32(3):206-8. doi: 10.3928/1081597X-20160204-03.
Raiskup F, Spoerl E Corneal crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A. I. Principles. Ocul Surf. 2013 Apr;11(2):65-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2013.01.002. Epub 2013 Jan 24. Review.
Sharif R, Bak-Nielsen S, Hjortdal J, Karamichos D Pathogenesis of Keratoconus: The intriguing therapeutic potential of Prolactin-inducible protein. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2018 Nov;67:150-167. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.05.002. Epub 2018 Jul 13. Review.
Spadea L, Salvatore S, Paroli MP, Vingolo EM Recovery of corneal sensitivity after collagen crosslinking with and without epithelial debridement in eyes with keratoconus. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015 Mar;41(3):527-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.06.030. Ep
Spadea L, Tonti E, Vingolo EM Corneal stromal demarcation line after collagen cross-linking in corneal ectatic diseases: a review of the literature. Clin Ophthalmol. 2016 Sep 19;10:1803-1810. eCollection 2016. Review.
Wollensak G, Spoerl E, Seiler T Riboflavin/ultraviolet-a-induced collagen crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 May;135(5):620-7.
Woreta FA, Gupta A, Hochstetler B, Bower KS Management of post-photorefractive keratectomy pain. Surv Ophthalmol. 2013 Nov-Dec;58(6):529-35. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.11.004. Review.
Xia Y, Chai X, Zhou C, Ren Q Corneal nerve morphology and sensitivity changes after ultraviolet A/riboflavin treatment. Exp Eye Res. 2011 Oct;93(4):541-7. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.06.021. Epub 2011 Jul 13.
Yam JC, Chan CW, Cheng AC Corneal collagen cross-linking demarcation line depth assessed by Visante OCT After CXL for keratoconus and corneal ectasia. J Refract Surg. 2012 Jul;28(7):475-81. doi: 10.3928/1081597X-20120615-03.
Riboflavin at 4ºC for the Management of Pain After Crosslinking for Keratoconus Patients
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
