Ischemic Stroke — Neuroactive Steroids in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Citation(s)
Casas S, García S, Cabrera R, Nanfaro F, Escudero C, Yunes R Progesterone prevents depression-like behavior in a model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in male rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2011 Oct;99(4):614-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.201
Casas S, Giuliani F, Cremaschi F, Yunes R, Cabrera R Neuromodulatory effect of progesterone on the dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic activities in a male rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurol Res. 2013 Sep;35(7):719-25. doi: 10.1179/174313281
Yunes R, Casas S, Gaglio E, Cabrera R Progesterone Exerts a Neuromodulatory Effect on Turning Behavior of Hemiparkinsonian Male Rats: Expression of 3 a -Hydroxysteroid Oxidoreductase and Allopregnanolone as Suggestive of GABAA Receptors Involvement. Park
Changes in Plasma Cortisol, Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, and Nitrites in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
