Ischemic Cardiomyopathy — Clinical Study of Liraglutide in Improving Cardiac Function for Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Citation(s)
Chen WR, Hu SY, Chen YD, Zhang Y, Qian G, Wang J, Yang JJ, Wang ZF, Tian F, Ning QX Effects of liraglutide on left ventricular function in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Am Heart J. 2015 Nov;170(5):845-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.07.014. Epub 2015 Jul 26.
Read PA, Hoole SP, White PA, Khan FZ, O'Sullivan M, West NE, Dutka DP A pilot study to assess whether glucagon-like peptide-1 protects the heart from ischemic dysfunction and attenuates stunning after coronary balloon occlusion in humans. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2011 Jun;4(3):266-72. doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.960476. Epub 2011 May 17.
Zhang Y, Zhou H, Wu W, Shi C, Hu S, Yin T, Ma Q, Han T, Zhang Y, Tian F, Chen Y Liraglutide protects cardiac microvascular endothelial cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through the suppression of the SR-Ca(2+)-XO-ROS axis via activation of the GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt/survivin pathways. Free Radic Biol Med. 2016 Jun;95:278-92. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.035. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
