Intravascular Device — Prospective Analysis of Incidence and Risk Factors of Infection of Midline Catheter
Citation(s)
Chopra V, Ratz D, Kuhn L, Lopus T, Chenoweth C, Krein S PICC-associated bloodstream infections: prevalence, patterns, and predictors. Am J Med. 2014 Apr;127(4):319-28. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.01.001. Epub 2014 Jan 17.
Goetz AM, Miller J, Wagener MM, Muder RR Complications related to intravenous midline catheter usage. A 2-year study. J Intraven Nurs. 1998 Mar-Apr;21(2):76-80.
Mermel LA, Parenteau S, Tow SM The risk of midline catheterization in hospitalized patients. A prospective study. Ann Intern Med. 1995 Dec 1;123(11):841-4.
Ziegler MJ, Pellegrini DC, Safdar N Attributable mortality of central line associated bloodstream infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Infection. 2015 Feb;43(1):29-36. doi: 10.1007/s15010-014-0689-y. Epub 2014 Oct 21. Review.
Zochios V, Umar I, Simpson N, Jones N Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related thrombosis in critically ill patients. J Vasc Access. 2014 Sep-Oct;15(5):329-37. doi: 10.5301/jva.5000239. Epub 2014 Apr 25. Review.
Prospective Analysis of Incidence and Risk Factors of Infection of Midline Catheter
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
