Intracranial Pressure — External Ventricular Drain Placement Stealth Study
Citation(s)
Alan N, Lee P, Ozpinar A, Gross BA, Jankowitz BT Robotic Stereotactic Assistance (ROSA) Utilization for Minimally Invasive Placement of Intraparenchymal Hematoma and Intraventricular Catheters. World Neurosurg. 2017 Dec;108:996.e7-996.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.09.027. Epub 2017 Sep 14.
Mahan M, Spetzler RF, Nakaji P Electromagnetic stereotactic navigation for external ventricular drain placement in the intensive care unit. J Clin Neurosci. 2013 Dec;20(12):1718-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.03.005. Epub 2013 Aug 30.
Robertson FC, Abd-El-Barr MM, Mukundan S Jr, Gormley WB Ventriculostomy-associated hemorrhage: a risk assessment by radiographic simulation. J Neurosurg. 2017 Sep;127(3):532-536. doi: 10.3171/2016.8.JNS16538. Epub 2016 Dec 2.
Sarrafzadeh A, Smoll N, Schaller K Guided (VENTRI-GUIDE) versus freehand ventriculostomy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2014 Dec 5;15:478. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-478.
Wang A, Tenner MS, Tobias ME, Mohan A, Kim D, Tandon A A Novel Approach Using Electromagnetic Neuronavigation and a Flexible Neuroendoscope for Placement of Ommaya Reservoirs. World Neurosurg. 2016 Dec;96:195-201. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.08.127. Epub 2016 Sep 5.
Application of Image Guidance Technology to Bedside External Ventricular Drain Placement
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
