Interventions Pain — The Effects on Pain of Acupressure and Foot Reflexology Before Heel Lancing in Newborns
Citation(s)
Açikgöz, A , Çigdem, Z., Yildiz, S., Demirüstü, C., Yarar, M., & Aksit, A. (2017). A Turkish Adaptation of the Neonatal Pain/Agitation, Sedation Scale (N-PASS) and its Validity and Reliability, Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 7(2): 5-11
Hummel P, Lawlor-Klean P, Weiss MG Validity and reliability of the N-PASS assessment tool with acute pain. J Perinatol. 2010 Jul;30(7):474-8. doi: 10.1038/jp.2009.185. Epub 2009 Nov 19.
Hummel P, Puchalski M, Creech SD, Weiss MG Clinical reliability and validity of the N-PASS: neonatal pain, agitation and sedation scale with prolonged pain. J Perinatol. 2008 Jan;28(1):55-60. doi: 10.1038/sj.jp.7211861. Epub 2007 Oct 25.
Randomised Controlled Study: The Effects on Pain of Foot Reflexology and Acupressure During Heel Lancing In Newborns
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
