Intellectual Disability — Probiotics in Special Needs Patients at High Risk for Tooth Decay: a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Citation(s)
Al-Maweri SA, Zimmer S Oral Health Survey of 6-14-Year-Old Children with Disabilities Attending Special Schools Yemen. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2015 Spring;39(3):272-6. doi: 10.17796/1053-4628-39.3.272.
Butt S, Sin M Can probiotics prevent dental caries? Evid Based Dent. 2023 Sep;24(3):130-131. doi: 10.1038/s41432-023-00918-z. Epub 2023 Sep 5.
Jang HJ, Kim JH, Lee NK, Paik HD Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Ln4 Showing Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effect against Streptococcus mutans KCTC 5124 Causing Dental Caries. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Sep 8;33(12):1-10. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06001. Online ahead of print.
Jung HY, Cai JN, Yoo SC, Kim SH, Jeon JG, Kim D Collagen Peptide in a Combinatorial Treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus Inhibits the Cariogenic Properties of Streptococcus mutans: An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 7;23(3):1860. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031860.
Mac Giolla Phadraig C, Farag M, McCallion P, Waldron C, McCarron M The complexity of tooth brushing among older adults with intellectual disabilities: Findings from a nationally representative survey. Disabil Health J. 2020 Oct;13(4):100935. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100935. Epub 2020 May 11.
Meng N, Liu Q, Dong Q, Gu J, Yang Y Effects of probiotics on preventing caries in preschool children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2023 Mar;47(2):85-100. doi: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.014. Epub 2023 Mar 3.
Molina G, Zar M, Dougall A, McGrath C Management of dental caries lesions in patients with disabilities: Update of a systematic review. Front Oral Health. 2022 Oct 28;3:980048. doi: 10.3389/froh.2022.980048. eCollection 2022.
Tahmourespour A, Kasra-Kermanshahi R, Salehi R Lactobacillus rhamnosus biosurfactant inhibits biofilm formation and gene expression of caries-inducing Streptococcus mutans. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2019 Mar-Apr;16(2):87-94.
Uwayezu D, Gatarayiha A, Nzayirambaho M Prevalence of dental caries and associated risk factors in children living with disabilities in Rwanda: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J. 2020 Jul 17;36:193. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.193.24166. eCollection 2020.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
