Intellectual Disability — Future Planning and Well-Being for Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities and Family Caregivers
Citation(s)
CDC Disability & Health Information for Family Caregivers | CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published October 28, 2019. Accessed January 11, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/family.html
Kinnear D, Morrison J, Allan L, Henderson A, Smiley E, Cooper SA Prevalence of physical conditions and multimorbidity in a cohort of adults with intellectual disabilities with and without Down syndrome: cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2018 Feb 5;8(2):e018292. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018292.
Power MJ, Green AM; WHOQOL-Dis Group Development of the WHOQOL disabilities module. Qual Life Res. 2010 May;19(4):571-84. doi: 10.1007/s11136-010-9616-6. Epub 2010 Mar 9.
Schreiner AS, Morimoto T, Arai Y, Zarit S Assessing family caregiver's mental health using a statistically derived cut-off score for the Zarit Burden Interview. Aging Ment Health. 2006 Mar;10(2):107-11. doi: 10.1080/13607860500312142.
Zarit SH, Reever KE, Bach-Peterson J Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. Gerontologist. 1980 Dec;20(6):649-55. doi: 10.1093/geront/20.6.649. No abstract available.
Future Planning and Well-Being for Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities and Family Caregivers
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
