Insulin Resistance — Effect of Dietary Protein on the Regulation of Exosome microRNA Expression in Patients With Insulin Resistance.
Citation(s)
Castano C, Kalko S, Novials A, Parrizas M Obesity-associated exosomal miRNAs modulate glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Nov 27;115(48):12158-12163. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1808855115. Epub 2018 Nov 14.
Huang Y, Yan Y, Xv W, Qian G, Li C, Zou H, Li Y A New Insight into the Roles of MiRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome. Biomed Res Int. 2018 Dec 17;2018:7372636. doi: 10.1155/2018/7372636. eCollection 2018.
Lasser C Mapping Extracellular RNA Sheds Lights on Distinct Carriers. Cell. 2019 Apr 4;177(2):228-230. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.027.
Min KH, Yang WM, Lee W Saturated fatty acids-induced miR-424-5p aggravates insulin resistance via targeting insulin receptor in hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Sep 10;503(3):1587-1593. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.084. Epub 2018 Jul 20.
Safdar A, Tarnopolsky MA Exosomes as Mediators of the Systemic Adaptations to Endurance Exercise. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2018 Mar 1;8(3):a029827. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029827.
Effect of Dietary Protein on the Regulation of Exosome microRNA Expression in Patients
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
