Afaghi A, O'Connor H, Chow CM High-glycemic-index carbohydrate meals shorten sleep onset. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Feb;85(2):426-30. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/85.2.426. Erratum In: Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Sep;86(3):809.
Blask DE Melatonin, sleep disturbance and cancer risk. Sleep Med Rev. 2009 Aug;13(4):257-64. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2008.07.007. Epub 2008 Dec 17.
Breslau N, Roth T, Rosenthal L, Andreski P Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: a longitudinal epidemiological study of young adults. Biol Psychiatry. 1996 Mar 15;39(6):411-8. doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00188-3.
Buenaver LF, Townsend D, Ong JC Delivering Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in the Real World: Considerations and Controversies. Sleep Med Clin. 2019 Jun;14(2):275-281. doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2019.01.008. Epub 2019 Mar 29.
Davidson JR, Dawson S, Krsmanovic A Effectiveness of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) in a Primary Care Setting. Behav Sleep Med. 2019 Mar-Apr;17(2):191-201. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2017.1318753. Epub 2017 May 2.
Duraccio KM, Krietsch KN, Chardon ML, Van Dyk TR, Beebe DW Poor sleep and adolescent obesity risk: a narrative review of potential mechanisms. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2019 Sep 9;10:117-130. doi: 10.2147/AHMT.S219594. eCollection 2019.
Duraccio KM, Zaugg K, Jensen CD Effects of Sleep Restriction on Food-Related Inhibitory Control and Reward in Adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol. 2019 Jul 1;44(6):692-702. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsz008.
Galland L Diet and inflammation. Nutr Clin Pract. 2010 Dec;25(6):634-40. doi: 10.1177/0884533610385703.
Gildner TE, Liebert MA, Kowal P, Chatterji S, Snodgrass JJ Associations between sleep duration, sleep quality, and cognitive test performance among older adults from six middle income countries: results from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE). J Clin Sleep Med. 2014 Jun 15;10(6):613-21. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.3782.
Gillin JC Are sleep disturbances risk factors for anxiety, depressive and addictive disorders? Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1998;393:39-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb05965.x.
Gupta K, Jansen EC, Campos H, Baylin A Associations between sleep duration and Mediterranean diet score in Costa Rican adults. Appetite. 2022 Mar 1;170:105881. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105881. Epub 2021 Dec 21.
Haus EL, Smolensky MH Shift work and cancer risk: potential mechanistic roles of circadian disruption, light at night, and sleep deprivation. Sleep Med Rev. 2013 Aug;17(4):273-84. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2012.08.003. Epub 2012 Nov 6.
Irwin MR, Olmstead R, Carroll JE Sleep Disturbance, Sleep Duration, and Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Experimental Sleep Deprivation. Biol Psychiatry. 2016 Jul 1;80(1):40-52. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.014. Epub 2015 Jun 1.
Kang H Sample size determination and power analysis using the G*Power software. J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2021;18:17. doi: 10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.17. Epub 2021 Jul 30.
Knutson KL, Ryden AM, Mander BA, Van Cauter E Role of sleep duration and quality in the risk and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Sep 18;166(16):1768-74. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.16.1768.
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Lowe B An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4. Psychosomatics. 2009 Nov-Dec;50(6):613-21. doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.50.6.613.
Nasreddine L, Naja F, Chamieh MC, Adra N, Sibai AM, Hwalla N Trends in overweight and obesity in Lebanon: evidence from two national cross-sectional surveys (1997 and 2009). BMC Public Health. 2012 Sep 17;12:798. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-798.
Natale V, Plazzi G, Martoni M Actigraphy in the assessment of insomnia: a quantitative approach. Sleep. 2009 Jun;32(6):767-71. doi: 10.1093/sleep/32.6.767.
Ngo-Nkondjock RV, Yuntao Z, Adnan H, Adnan SM, Cheteu TMW, Li Y The chronotype conjecture in the association between dietary carbohydrate intake and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP): a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2015 data. Sleep Sci. 2021 Jan-Mar;14(1):3-10. doi: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200047.
Rajaratnam SMW, Licamele L, Birznieks G Delayed sleep phase disorder risk is associated with absenteeism and impaired functioning. Sleep Health. 2015 Jun;1(2):121-127. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2015.03.001. Epub 2015 Apr 25.
Reimer MA, Flemons WW Quality of life in sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev. 2003 Aug;7(4):335-49. doi: 10.1053/smrv.2001.0220.
Siebern AT, Manber R New developments in cognitive behavioral therapy as the first-line treatment of insomnia. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2011;4:21-8. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S10041. Epub 2011 Feb 25.
Sivertsen B, Glozier N, Harvey AG, Hysing M Academic performance in adolescents with delayed sleep phase. Sleep Med. 2015 Sep;16(9):1084-90. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.04.011. Epub 2015 May 18.
Zhao M, Tuo H, Wang S, Zhao L The Effects of Dietary Nutrition on Sleep and Sleep Disorders. Mediators Inflamm. 2020 Jun 25;2020:3142874. doi: 10.1155/2020/3142874. eCollection 2020.
Zuraikat FM, Wood RA, Barragan R, St-Onge MP Sleep and Diet: Mounting Evidence of a Cyclical Relationship. Annu Rev Nutr. 2021 Oct 11;41:309-332. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-120420-021719. Epub 2021 Aug 4.
Sleep, Diet and Chrononutrition: Studying the Dual Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBTi) on Sleep and Dietary Habits
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.