Influenza, Human — Oseltamivir Infant Influenza Safety Study
Citation(s)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Interim Guidance for Clinicians on the Prevention and Treatment of Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Influenza Virus Infection in Infants and Children. 13 May 2009. Available at http://cdc.gov/h1n1flu/childrentreatment.htm. Accessed 03 Aug 2009.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Neurologic complications associated with novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in children - Dallas, Texas, May 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Jul 24;58(28):773-8.
European Medicines Agency (EMA), Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use CHMP ASSESSMENT REPORT on Novel Influenza (H1N1) outbreak Tamiflu (oseltamivir) Relenza (zanamivir) [EMEA/CHMP/287662/2009]. 07 May 2009. Available at http://www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/PDFs/EPAR/tamiflu/28766209en.pdf. Accessed 28 July 2009.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Emergency Use Authorization Letter - Tamiflu. 14 July 2009. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/eua/pdf/fda_letter_tamiflu.pdf. Accessed 03 Aug 2009.
Tamura D, Miura T, Kikuchi Y Oseltamivir phosphate in infants under 1 year of age with influenza infection. Pediatr Int. 2005 Aug;47(4):484.
World Health Organization 11 Jun 2009. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2009/h1n1_pandemic_phase6_20090611/en/index.html. Accessed 03 Aug 2009.
A Prospective, Observational Safety Study in Children <= 24 Months of Age Receiving Oseltamivir for the Treatment or Prophylaxis of Influenza Infection
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
