Inflammatory Bowel Disease — An Epidemiological Study of the Incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain
Citation(s)
Alonso P, Ulla M, Soriano M, Aquise M, Del Villar V [Intestinal inflammatory disease in the province of Soria. Retrospective clinical and epidemiologic study from 1981 to 1990]. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 1992 Aug;82(2):87-91. Spanish.
Mate-Jimenez J, Munoz S, Vicent D, Pajares JM Incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in urban and rural areas of Spain from 1981 to 1988. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1994 Jan;18(1):27-31. doi: 10.1097/00004836-199401000-00008.
Pajares Garcia JM, Rodriguez Munoz S, Mate Jimenez J [Prevalence of Crohn disease in the central zone of Spain (Castillas, La Mancha, Cantabria and Rioja): cooperative epidemiologic study of the Castilian Digestive System Association]. Rev Esp Enferm Apar Dig. 1987 Apr;71(4):313-7. No abstract available. Spanish.
Ruiz Ochoa V [Epidemiologic study of Crohn's disease in Galicia from 1976 to 1983]. Rev Esp Enferm Apar Dig. 1984 Oct;66(4):273-9. No abstract available. Spanish.
Ruiz V Crohn's disease in Galicia, Spain. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1989;170:29-31; discussion 50-5. doi: 10.3109/00365528909091346.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
