Infertility — The Effect of IVF Counseling on Psychosocial Well-Being
Citation(s)
Frederiksen Y, Farver-Vestergaard I, Skovgård NG, Ingerslev HJ, Zachariae R Efficacy of psychosocial interventions for psychological and pregnancy outcomes in infertile women and men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2015 Jan 28;5(1):e006592. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006592. Review.
Homan GF, Davies M, Norman R The impact of lifestyle factors on reproductive performance in the general population and those undergoing infertility treatment: a review. Hum Reprod Update. 2007 May-Jun;13(3):209-23. Epub 2007 Jan 5. Review.
Ockhuijsen HDL, van Smeden M, van den Hoogen A, Boivin J Validation study of the SCREENIVF: an instrument to screen women or men on risk for emotional maladjustment before the start of a fertility treatment. Fertil Steril. 2017 Jun;107(6):1370-1379.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.04.008. Epub 2017 May 10.
Van den Broeck U, Emery M, Wischmann T, Thorn P Counselling in infertility: individual, couple and group interventions. Patient Educ Couns. 2010 Dec;81(3):422-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2010.10.009. Epub 2010 Nov 13.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
