Infertility — Fresh Vs Frozen Surgical Sperm in IVF
Citation(s)
Ben-Ami I, Raziel A, Strassburger D, Komarovsky D, Ron-El R, Friedler S Intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome of ejaculated versus extracted testicular spermatozoa in cryptozoospermic men. Fertil Steril. 2013 Jun;99(7):1867-71. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.02.025. Epub 2013 Mar 13.
Cui X, Ding P, Gao G, Zhang Y Comparison of the Clinical Outcomes of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Between Spermatozoa Retrieved From Testicular Biopsy and From Ejaculate in Cryptozoospermia Patients. Urology. 2017 Apr;102:106-110. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.08.071. Epub 2016 Nov 25.
Forman EJ, Li X, Ferry KM, Scott K, Treff NR, Scott RT Jr Oocyte vitrification does not increase the risk of embryonic aneuploidy or diminish the implantation potential of blastocysts created after intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a novel, paired randomized controlled trial using DNA fingerprinting. Fertil Steril. 2012 Sep;98(3):644-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.04.028. Epub 2012 May 17.
Levine LA, Dimitriou RJ, Fakouri B Testicular and epididymal percutaneous sperm aspiration in men with either obstructive or nonobstructive azoospermia. Urology. 2003 Aug;62(2):328-32.
Ohlander S, Hotaling J, Kirshenbaum E, Niederberger C, Eisenberg ML Impact of fresh versus cryopreserved testicular sperm upon intracytoplasmic sperm injection pregnancy outcomes in men with azoospermia due to spermatogenic dysfunction: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2014 Feb;101(2):344-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.10.012. Epub 2013 Dec 9.
Pabuccu EG, Caglar GS, Tangal S, Haliloglu AH, Pabuccu R Testicular versus ejaculated spermatozoa in ICSI cycles of normozoospermic men with high sperm DNA fragmentation and previous ART failures. Andrologia. 2017 Mar;49(2). doi: 10.1111/and.12609. Epub 2016 Apr 25.
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Fresh Vs Frozen Surgical Sperm in In Vitro Fertilization Cycles
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
