Incontinence, Urinary — Wii Fit Game Based Abdomino-Pelvic Training In Urinary Incontinence
Citation(s)
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Burgio KL, Matthews KA, Engel BT Prevalence, incidence and correlates of urinary incontinence in healthy, middle-aged women. J Urol. 1991 Nov;146(5):1255-9.
Elliott V, de Bruin ED, Dumoulin C Virtual reality rehabilitation as a treatment approach for older women with mixed urinary incontinence: a feasibility study. Neurourol Urodyn. 2015 Mar;34(3):236-43. doi: 10.1002/nau.22553. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
Hilton P Urinary incontinence in women. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1987 Aug 15;295(6595):426-32. Review.
Martinho NM, Silva VR, Marques J, Carvalho LC, Iunes DH, Botelho S The effects of training by virtual reality or gym ball on pelvic floor muscle strength in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Braz J Phys Ther. 2016 Mar 22;20(3):248-57. doi: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0148.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
