Hypoxia — Evaluation of Abdominal Tissue Oxygenation in Premature Infants Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Citation(s)
Cortez J, Gupta M, Amaram A, Pizzino J, Sawhney M, Sood BG Noninvasive evaluation of splanchnic tissue oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy in preterm neonates. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011 Apr;24(4):574-82. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2010.511335. Epub 2010 Sep 9.
Dave V, Brion LP, Campbell DE, Scheiner M, Raab C, Nafday SM Splanchnic tissue oxygenation, but not brain tissue oxygenation, increases after feeds in stable preterm neonates tolerating full bolus orogastric feeding. J Perinatol. 2009 Mar;29(3):213-8. doi: 10.1038/jp.2008.189. Epub 2008 Nov 20.
Dominguez KM, Moss RL Necrotizing enterocolitis. Clin Perinatol. 2012 Jun;39(2):387-401. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2012.04.011. Epub 2012 May 18. Review.
Wolf M, Greisen G Advances in near-infrared spectroscopy to study the brain of the preterm and term neonate. Clin Perinatol. 2009 Dec;36(4):807-34, vi. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2009.07.007. Review.
Wolfberg AJ, du Plessis AJ Near-infrared spectroscopy in the fetus and neonate. Clin Perinatol. 2006 Sep;33(3):707-28, viii. Review.
Yoxall CW, Weindling AM, Dawani NH, Peart I Measurement of cerebral venous oxyhemoglobin saturation in children by near-infrared spectroscopy and partial jugular venous occlusion. Pediatr Res. 1995 Sep;38(3):319-23.
Evaluation of Abdominal Tissue Oxygenation in Premature Infants Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
