Hypothermia — Prewarming Effect in Preventing Perioperative Hypothermia
Citation(s)
Andrzejowski J, Hoyle J, Eapen G, Turnbull D Effect of prewarming on post-induction core temperature and the incidence of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in patients undergoing general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2008 Nov;101(5):627-31. doi: 10.1093/bja/aen272. Epub 2008 Sep 26.
ASSOCIATION OF PERIOPERATIVE REGISTERED NURSES (AORN) Recommended practices for the prevention of unplanned perioperative hypothermia. In: ASSOCIATION OF PERIOPERATIVE REGISTERED NURSES. Perioperative standards and recommended practices. Denver (USA): Association of periOpertive Registered Nurses; 2009.p. 491-504.
de Brito Poveda V, Clark AM, Galvão CM A systematic review on the effectiveness of prewarming to prevent perioperative hypothermia. J Clin Nurs. 2013 Apr;22(7-8):906-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04287.x. Epub 2012 Sep 17. Review.
De Witte JL, Demeyer C, Vandemaele E Resistive-heating or forced-air warming for the prevention of redistribution hypothermia. Anesth Analg. 2010 Mar 1;110(3):829-33. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181cb3ebf. Epub 2009 Dec 30.
Esnaola NF, Cole DJ Perioperative normothermia during major surgery: is it important? Adv Surg. 2011;45:249-63. Review.
Fettes S, Mulvaine M, Van Doren E Effect of preoperative forced-air warming on postoperative temperature and postanesthesia care unit length of stay. AORN J. 2013 Mar;97(3):323-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aorn.2012.12.011.
Galvão CM, Liang Y, Clark AM Effectiveness of cutaneous warming systems on temperature control: meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2010 Jun;66(6):1196-206. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05312.x. Review.
Galvão CM, Marck PB, Sawada NO, Clark AM A systematic review of the effectiveness of cutaneous warming systems to prevent hypothermia. J Clin Nurs. 2009 Mar;18(5):627-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02668.x. Review.
Poveda Vde B, Galvão CM [Hypothermia in the intraoperative period: can it be avoided?]. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2011 Apr;45(2):411-7. Portuguese.
Poveda Vde B, Martinez EZ, Galvão CM Active cutaneous warming systems to prevent intraoperative hypothermia: a systematic review. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2012 Jan-Feb;20(1):183-91. Review. English, Portuguese, Spanish.
TRAMONTINI, C C.; GRAZIANO, K. U. Controle da hipotermia de pacientes cirúrgicos idosos no intraoperatório: avaliação de duas intervenções de enfermagem1.Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, v.15, n.4, p.626-635, 2007.
Wagner D, Byrne M, Kolcaba K Effects of comfort warming on preoperative patients. AORN J. 2006 Sep;84(3):427-48.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
