Hypothermia — Rectal Temperature Measurement in Detecting Hypothermia During Hip Arthroscopy
Citation(s)
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Ohki K, Kawano R, Yoshida M, Kanosue I, Yamamoto K Normothermia is Best Achieved by Warming Above and Below with Pre-warming Adjunct: A Comparison of Conductive Fabric Versus Forced-air and Water. Surg Technol Int. 2019 May 15;34:40-45.
Parodi D, Valderrama J, Tobar C, Besomi J, Lopez J, Lara J, Ilic JP Effect of warmed irrigation solution on core body temperature during hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement. Arthroscopy. 2014 Jan;30(1):36-41. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.08.035. Epub 2013 Oct 30.
Ukrani RD, Arif A, Sadruddin A, Hasan O, Noordin S Intraoperative hypothermia in patients undergoing Total knee arthroplasty: a cross-sectional study from a developing country. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021 May 31;22(1):504. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04390-7.
Williams M, El-Houdiri Y Inadvertent hypothermia in hip and knee total joint arthroplasty. J Orthop. 2018 Jan 20;15(1):151-158. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2018.01.035. eCollection 2018 Mar.
Is Rectal Temperature Measurement Quicker in Detecting Hypothermia During Hip Arthroscopy
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
