Hypotension — Inferior Venacava Ultrasound to Guide Fluid Management for Prevention of Hypotension After Spinal Anesthesia.
Citation(s)
Bajwa SJ, Kulshrestha A, Jindal R Co-loading or pre-loading for prevention of hypotension after spinal anaesthesia! a therapeutic dilemma. Anesth Essays Res. 2013 May-Aug;7(2):155-9. doi: 10.4103/0259-1162.118943. Review.
Brull R, Macfarlane A, Chan V Spinal, epidural and caudal anesthesia. In: Miller RD, editor. Miller's anesthesia. 8th ed: Elsevier; 2015.
Chinachoti T, Tritrakarn T Prospective study of hypotension and bradycardia during spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine: incidence and risk factors, part two. J Med Assoc Thai. 2007 Mar;90(3):492-501.
Di Pietro S, Falaschi F, Bruno A, Perrone T, Musella V, Perlini S The learning curve of sonographic inferior vena cava evaluation by novice medical students: the Pavia experience. J Ultrasound. 2018 Jun;21(2):137-144. doi: 10.1007/s40477-018-0292-7. Epub 2018 Mar 21.
Doherty M, Buggy DJ Intraoperative fluids: how much is too much? Br J Anaesth. 2012 Jul;109(1):69-79. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes171. Epub 2012 Jun 1. Review.
Kalantari K, Chang JN, Ronco C, Rosner MH Assessment of intravascular volume status and volume responsiveness in critically ill patients. Kidney Int. 2013 Jun;83(6):1017-28. doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.424. Epub 2013 Jan 9. Review.
Lamia B, Ochagavia A, Monnet X, Chemla D, Richard C, Teboul JL Echocardiographic prediction of volume responsiveness in critically ill patients with spontaneously breathing activity. Intensive Care Med. 2007 Jul;33(7):1125-1132. doi: 10.1007/s00134-007-0646-7. Epub 2007 May 17.
Marik PE, Baram M, Vahid B Does central venous pressure predict fluid responsiveness? A systematic review of the literature and the tale of seven mares. Chest. 2008 Jul;134(1):172-8. doi: 10.1378/chest.07-2331. Review.
Minto G, Scott MJ, Miller TE Monitoring needs and goal-directed fluid therapy within an enhanced recovery program. Anesthesiol Clin. 2015 Mar;33(1):35-49. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2014.11.003. Review.
Salama ER, Elkashlan M Pre-operative ultrasonographic evaluation of inferior vena cava collapsibility index and caval aorta index as new predictors for hypotension after induction of spinal anaesthesia: A prospective observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2019 Apr;36(4):297-302. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000956. Erratum in: Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2019 Nov;36(11):888.
Salinas FV, Sueda LA, Liu SS Physiology of spinal anaesthesia and practical suggestions for successful spinal anaesthesia. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2003 Sep;17(3):289-303. Review.
Salmasi V, Maheshwari K, Yang D, Mascha EJ, Singh A, Sessler DI, Kurz A Relationship between Intraoperative Hypotension, Defined by Either Reduction from Baseline or Absolute Thresholds, and Acute Kidney and Myocardial Injury after Noncardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. Anesthesiology. 2017 Jan;126(1):47-65.
Sun LY, Wijeysundera DN, Tait GA, Beattie WS Association of intraoperative hypotension with acute kidney injury after elective noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 2015 Sep;123(3):515-23. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000765.
Szabó M, Bozó A, Darvas K, Horváth A, Iványi ZD Role of inferior vena cava collapsibility index in the prediction of hypotension associated with general anesthesia: an observational study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2019 Aug 7;19(1):139. doi: 10.1186/s12871-019-0809-4.
Wulf HF The centennial of spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1998 Aug;89(2):500-6.
Zhang J, Critchley LA Inferior Vena Cava Ultrasonography before General Anesthesia Can Predict Hypotension after Induction. Anesthesiology. 2016 Mar;124(3):580-9. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001002.
Zhang Z, Xu X, Ye S, Xu L Ultrasonographic measurement of the respiratory variation in the inferior vena cava diameter is predictive of fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2014 May;40(5):845-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.12.010. Epub 2014 Feb 2. Review.
Inferior Venacava Ultrasound to Guide Fluid Management for Prevention of Hypotension After Spinal Anesthesia.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
