Acelajado MC, Pimenta E, Calhoun DA Salt and aldosterone: a concert of bad effects. Hypertension. 2010 Nov;56(5):804-5. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.160960. Epub 2010 Oct 4. No abstract available.
Agashe S, Petak S Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2018 Oct-Dec;14(4):251-256. doi: 10.14797/mdcj-14-4-251.
Bissinger A Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy: Why Should Cardiologists Care about That? J Diabetes Res. 2017;2017:5374176. doi: 10.1155/2017/5374176. Epub 2017 Oct 29.
de Souza WA, Yugar-Toledo JC, Bergsten-Mendes G, Sabha M, Moreno H Jr Effect of pharmaceutical care on blood pressure control and health-related quality of life in patients with resistant hypertension. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007 Sep 15;64(18):1955-61. doi: 10.2146/ajhp060547.
Dudenbostel T, Acelajado MC, Pisoni R, Li P, Oparil S, Calhoun DA Refractory Hypertension: Evidence of Heightened Sympathetic Activity as a Cause of Antihypertensive Treatment Failure. Hypertension. 2015 Jul;66(1):126-33. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05449. Epub 2015 May 18.
Dudenbostel T, Calhoun DA Resistant hypertension, obstructive sleep apnoea and aldosterone. J Hum Hypertens. 2012 May;26(5):281-7. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2011.47. Epub 2011 Jun 9.
Dudenbostel T, Siddiqui M, Oparil S, Calhoun DA Refractory Hypertension: A Novel Phenotype of Antihypertensive Treatment Failure. Hypertension. 2016 Jun;67(6):1085-92. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.06587. Epub 2016 Apr 18. No abstract available.
Feng YN, Xiao H, Zhang YY [Research advances of autonomic nervous system in the regulation of cardiac inflammation]. Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2019 Apr 25;71(2):225-234. Chinese.
Grassi G Assessment of sympathetic cardiovascular drive in human hypertension: achievements and perspectives. Hypertension. 2009 Oct;54(4):690-7. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.119883. Epub 2009 Aug 31.
Karakas M, Koenig W Sympathetic nervous system: a crucial player modulating residual cardiovascular risk. Circ Res. 2013 Jan 4;112(1):13-6. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.281097. No abstract available.
Laurent S, Alivon M, Beaussier H, Boutouyrie P Aortic stiffness as a tissue biomarker for predicting future cardiovascular events in asymptomatic hypertensive subjects. Ann Med. 2012 Jun;44 Suppl 1:S93-7. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2011.653398.
Li YF, LaCroix C, Freeling J Specific subtypes of nicotinic cholinergic receptors involved in sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiovascular responses. Neurosci Lett. 2009 Oct 2;462(1):20-3. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.06.081. Epub 2009 Jun 30.
Martinez PF, Okoshi MP Heart Rate Variability in Coexisting Diabetes and Hypertension. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018 Jul;111(1):73-74. doi: 10.5935/abc.20180118. No abstract available.
Metelka R Heart rate variability--current diagnosis of the cardiac autonomic neuropathy. A review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2014 Sep;158(3):327-38. doi: 10.5507/bp.2014.025. Epub 2014 Jul 4.
Modolo R, de Faria AP, Almeida A, Moreno H Resistant or refractory hypertension: are they different? Curr Hypertens Rep. 2014 Oct;16(10):485. doi: 10.1007/s11906-014-0485-1.
Persell SD Prevalence of resistant hypertension in the United States, 2003-2008. Hypertension. 2011 Jun;57(6):1076-80. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.170308. Epub 2011 Apr 18.
Pettersen KH, Bugenhagen SM, Nauman J, Beard DA, Omholt SW Arterial stiffening provides sufficient explanation for primary hypertension. PLoS Comput Biol. 2014 May 22;10(5):e1003634. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003634. eCollection 2014 May.
Reule S, Drawz PE Heart rate and blood pressure: any possible implications for management of hypertension? Curr Hypertens Rep. 2012 Dec;14(6):478-84. doi: 10.1007/s11906-012-0306-3.
Rozanski A, Blumenthal JA, Kaplan J Impact of psychological factors on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and implications for therapy. Circulation. 1999 Apr 27;99(16):2192-217. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.99.16.2192.
Salles GF, Cardoso CR, Fiszman R, Muxfeldt ES Prognostic impact of baseline and serial changes in electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in resistant hypertension. Am Heart J. 2010 May;159(5):833-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.02.012.
Salles GF, Ribeiro FM, Guimaraes GM, Muxfeldt ES, Cardoso CR A reduced heart rate variability is independently associated with a blunted nocturnal blood pressure fall in patients with resistant hypertension. J Hypertens. 2014 Mar;32(3):644-51. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000068.
Shaffer F, McCraty R, Zerr CL A healthy heart is not a metronome: an integrative review of the heart's anatomy and heart rate variability. Front Psychol. 2014 Sep 30;5:1040. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01040. eCollection 2014.
Resistant Hypertension An Open, Complicated ("Cum Plicare") or Complex ("Cum Plexus")
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.