Hypertension — Post Kidney Transplant Nocturnal Hypertension Prevalence and Management Study
Citation(s)
Covic A, Segall L, Goldsmith DJ Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in renal transplantation: should ABPM be routinely performed in renal transplant patients? Transplantation. 2003 Dec 15;76(11):1640-2.
Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fernández JR, Calvo C Chronotherapy improves blood pressure control and reverts the nondipper pattern in patients with resistant hypertension. Hypertension. 2008 Jan;51(1):69-76. Epub 2007 Oct 29.
Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR Chronotherapy with nifedipine GITS in hypertensive patients: improved efficacy and safety with bedtime dosing. Am J Hypertens. 2008 Aug;21(8):948-54. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2008.216. Epub 2008 Jul 3.
Hermida RC, Ayala DE Chronotherapy with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril in essential hypertension: improved blood pressure control with bedtime dosing. Hypertension. 2009 Jul;54(1):40-6. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.130203. Epub 2009 May 11.
Paoletti E, Gherzi M, Amidone M, Massarino F, Cannella G Association of arterial hypertension with renal target organ damage in kidney transplant recipients: the predictive role of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Transplantation. 2009 Jun 27;87(12):1864-9. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181a76775.
Stenehjem AE, Gudmundsdottir H, Os I Office blood pressure measurements overestimate blood pressure control in renal transplant patients. Blood Press Monit. 2006 Jun;11(3):125-33.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
