Barnes VA, Treiber FA, Davis H, Kelley TR, Strong WB Central adiposity and hemodynamic functioning at rest and during stress in adolescents. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998 Nov;22(11):1079-83. Erratum in: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disorder 1999 Feb;23(2):220.
Dekkers JC, Podolsky RH, Treiber FA, Barbeau P, Gutin B, Snieder H Development of general and central obesity from childhood into early adulthood in African American and European American males and females with a family history of cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Apr;79(4):661-8.
Dekkers JC, Treiber FA, Kapuku G, Snieder H Differential influence of family history of hypertension and premature myocardial infarction on systolic blood pressure and left ventricular mass trajectories in youth. Pediatrics. 2003 Jun;111(6 Pt 1):1387-93.
Islam S, Gutin B, Manos T, Smith C, Treiber F Low density lipoprotein cholesterol/apolipoprotein B-100 ratio: interaction of family history of premature atherosclerotic coronary artery disease with race and gender in 7 to 11 year olds. Pediatrics. 1994 Oct;94(4 Pt 1):494-9.
Islam S, Gutin B, Smith C, Treiber F, Kamboh MI Association of apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes in children with family history of premature coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994 Oct;14(10):1609-16.
Kapuku GL, Treiber FA, Davis HC Relationships among socioeconomic status, stress induced changes in cortisol, and blood pressure in African American males. Ann Behav Med. 2002 Fall;24(4):320-5.
Moore DB, Howell PB, Treiber FA Adiposity changes in youth with a family history of cardiovascular disease: impact of ethnicity, gender and socioeconomic status. J Assoc Acad Minor Phys. 2002 Jul;13(3):76-83.
Musante L, Treiber FA, Davis H, Levy M, Strong WB Temporal stability of children's cardiovascular (CV) reactivity: role of ethnicity, gender and family history of myocardial infarction. Int J Psychophysiol. 1995 Apr;19(3):281-6.
Musante L, Treiber FA, Kapuku G, Moore D, Davis H, Strong WB The effects of life events on cardiovascular reactivity to behavioral stressors as a function of socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and sex. Psychosom Med. 2000 Nov-Dec;62(6):760-7.
Musante L, Treiber FA, Strong WB, Levy M Family history of hypertension and cardiovascular reactivity to forehead cold stimulation in black male children. J Psychosom Res. 1990;34(1):111-6.
Musante L, Treiber FA, Strong WB, Levy M Individual and cross-spouse correlations of perceptions of family functioning, blood pressure and dimensions of anger. J Psychosom Res. 1990;34(4):393-9.
Musante L, Treiber FA The relationship between anger-coping styles and lifestyle behaviors in teenagers. J Adolesc Health. 2000 Jul;27(1):63-8.
Treiber FA, Musante L, Strong WB, Levy M Racial differences in young children's blood pressure. Responses to dynamic exercise. Am J Dis Child. 1989 Jun;143(6):720-3.
Wright LB, Treiber F, Davis H, Bunch C, Strong WB The role of maternal hostility and family environment upon cardiovascular functioning among youth two years later: socioeconomic and ethnic differences. Ethn Dis. 1998 Autumn;8(3):367-76.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.