Hypertension — Analysis of Longitudinal Cardiopulmonary Data
Citation(s)
Beckett LA, Rosner B, Roche AF, Guo S Serial changes in blood pressure from adolescence into adulthood. Am J Epidemiol. 1992 May 15;135(10):1166-77.
Carey VJ, Rosner BA Analysis of longitudinally observed irregularly timed multivariate outcomes: regression with focus on cross-component correlation. Stat Med. 2001 Jan 15;20(1):21-31.
Carey VJ Using hypertext and the Internet for structure and management of observational studies. Stat Med. 1997 Aug 15;16(15):1667-82.
Cook NR, Rosner BA, Chen W, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS Using the area under the curve to reduce measurement error in predicting young adult blood pressure from childhood measures. Stat Med. 2004 Nov 30;23(22):3421-35.
Cook NR, Rosner BA An optimal rule for screening subjects for clinical trials in the presence of within-person variability. Control Clin Trials. 1994 Jun;15(3):173-86.
Lee ML, Rosner BA, Weiss ST Relationship of blood pressure to cardiovascular death: the effects of pulse pressure in the elderly. Ann Epidemiol. 1999 Feb;9(2):101-7.
Rockhill B, Colditz GA, Rosner B Bias in breast cancer analyses due to error in age at menopause. Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Feb 15;151(4):404-8.
Rosner B, Grove D Use of the Mann-Whitney U-test for clustered data. Stat Med. 1999 Jun 15;18(11):1387-400.
Rosner B, Langford HG Judging the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy in an individual patient. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44(8):831-8.
Rosner B Multivariate methods for binary longitudinal data with heterogeneous correlation over time. Stat Med. 1992 Oct-Nov;11(14-15):1915-28.
Rosner B Multivariate methods for clustered binary data with multiple subclasses, with application to binary longitudinal data. Biometrics. 1992 Sep;48(3):721-31.
Schmid CH, Rosner B A Bayesian approach to logistic regression models having measurement error following a mixture distribution. Stat Med. 1993 Jun 30;12(12):1141-53.
Smith L, Rosner B Estimation of variance components for censored data with applications to blood pressure variability. Stat Med. 1991 Sep;10(9):1441-52.
Tishler PV, Carey VJ, Reed T, Fabsitz RR The role of genotype in determining the effects of cigarette smoking on pulmonary function. Genet Epidemiol. 2002 Mar;22(3):272-82.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
