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Benfante R, Reed D, Frank J Does cigarette smoking have an independent effect on coronary heart disease incidence in the elderly? Am J Public Health. 1991 Jul;81(7):897-9.
Benfante R, Reed D Is elevated serum cholesterol level a risk factor for coronary heart disease in the elderly? JAMA. 1990 Jan 19;263(3):393-6.
Benfante R, Yano K, Hwang LJ, Curb JD, Kagan A, Ross W Elevated serum cholesterol is a risk factor for both coronary heart disease and thromboembolic stroke in Hawaiian Japanese men. Implications of shared risk. Stroke. 1994 Apr;25(4):814-20.
Benfante R Studies of cardiovascular disease and cause-specific mortality trends in Japanese-American men living in Hawaii and risk factor comparisons with other Japanese populations in the Pacific region: a review. Hum Biol. 1992 Dec;64(6):791-805.
Benfante RJ, Reed DM, MacLean CJ, Yano K Risk factors in middle age that predict early and late onset of coronary heart disease. J Clin Epidemiol. 1989;42(2):95-104.
Burchfiel CM, Reed DM, Marcus EB, Strong JP, Hayashi T Association of diabetes mellitus with coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial lesions. An autopsy study from the Honolulu Heart Program. Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Jun 15;137(12):1328-40.
Burchfiel CM, Tracy RE, Chyou PH, Strong JP Cardiovascular risk factors and hyalinization of renal arterioles at autopsy. The Honolulu Heart Program. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Apr;17(4):760-8.
Carter C, McGee D, Yano K Morbidity and mortality rates in Okinawan Japanese vs. mainland Japanese: the Honolulu Heart Program. Hum Biol. 1984 May;56(2):339-53.
Curb JD, Reed DM, Kautz JA, Yano K Coffee, caffeine, and serum cholesterol in Japanese men in Hawaii. Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Apr;123(4):648-55.
Curb JD, Reed DM, Miller FD, Yano K Health status and life style in elderly Japanese men with a long life expectancy. J Gerontol. 1990 Sep;45(5):S206-11.
Donahue RP, Abbott RD, Reed DM, Yano K Physical activity and coronary heart disease in middle-aged and elderly men: the Honolulu Heart Program. Am J Public Health. 1988 Jun;78(6):683-5.
Donahue RP, Abbott RD, Reed DM, Yano K Postchallenge glucose concentration and coronary heart disease in men of Japanese ancestry. Honolulu Heart Program. Diabetes. 1987 Jun;36(6):689-92.
Frank JW, Reed DM, Grove JS, Benfante R Will lowering population levels of serum cholesterol affect total mortality? Expectations from the Honolulu Heart Program. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992 Apr;45(4):333-46.
Galanis DJ, Harris T, Sharp DS, Petrovitch H Relative weight, weight change, and risk of coronary heart disease in the Honolulu Heart Program. Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Feb 15;147(4):379-86.
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Grove JS, Reed DM, Yano K, Hwang LJ Variability in systolic blood pressure--a risk factor for coronary heart disease? Am J Epidemiol. 1997 May 1;145(9):771-6.
Hulley SB, Rhoads GG The plasma lipoproteins as risk factors: comparison of electrophoretic and ultracentrifugation results. Metabolism. 1982 Aug;31(8):773-7.
Iribarren C, Sharp D, Burchfiel CM, Sun P, Dwyer JH Association of serum total cholesterol with coronary disease and all-cause mortality: multivariate correction for bias due to measurement error. Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Mar 1;143(5):463-71.
Joffres MR, Reed DM, Yano K Relationship of magnesium intake and other dietary factors to blood pressure: the Honolulu heart study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987 Feb;45(2):469-75.
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Kagan A, Yano K, Rhoads GG, Kato H Is the reported high mortality from cerebrovascular disease in Japan really an artefact? J Chronic Dis. 1979;32(1-2):153-6.
Kalmijn S, Curb JD, Rodriguez BL, Yano K, Abbott RD The association of body weight and anthropometry with mortality in elderly men: the Honolulu Heart Program. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999 Apr;23(4):395-402.
Laws A, Marcus EB, Grove JS, Curb JD Lipids and lipoproteins as risk factors for coronary heart disease in men with abnormal glucose tolerance: the Honolulu Heart Program. J Intern Med. 1993 Nov;234(5):471-8.
MacLean CJ, Reed DM Predictors of atherosclerosis in the Honolulu Heart Program. II. Adjustment for autopsy bias. Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Aug;126(2):226-36.
Marcus EB, Buist AS, Maclean CJ, Yano K Twenty-year trends in mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the Honolulu Heart Program. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Sep;140(3 Pt 2):S64-8.
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McGee D, Reed D, Yano K The results of logistic analyses when the variables are highly correlated: an empirical example using diet and CHD incidence. J Chronic Dis. 1984;37(9-10):713-9.
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Miller FD, Reed DM, MacLean CJ A prospective study of mortality and morbidity among carpenters in the Honolulu Heart Program Cohort. J Occup Med. 1988 Nov;30(11):879-82.
Miller FD, Reed DM, MacLean CJ Mortality and morbidity among blue and white collar workers in the Honolulu Heart Program cohort. Int J Epidemiol. 1993 Oct;22(5):834-7.
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Phillips GB, Yano K, Stemmermann GN Serum sex hormone levels and myocardial infarction in the Honolulu Heart Program. Pitfalls in prospective studies on sex hormones. J Clin Epidemiol. 1988;41(12):1151-6.
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Reed D, Labarthe D, Chen KM, Stallones R A cohort study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia on Guam and Rota. Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Jan;125(1):92-100.
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Reed D, McGee D, Yano K Psychosocial processes and general susceptibility to chronic disease. Am J Epidemiol. 1984 Mar;119(3):356-70.
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Reed DM, Feinleib M Changing patterns of cardiovascular disease in the Pacific Basin: report of an international workshop. J Community Health. 1983 Spring;8(3):182-205.
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Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.