Hypertension — Home Blood Pressure Variability and Its Link to Arteriosclerosis and Metabolic Dysfunction in Hypertensive Patients
Citation(s)
Johansson JK, Niiranen TJ, Puukka PJ, Jula AM Prognostic value of the variability in home-measured blood pressure and heart rate: the Finn-Home Study. Hypertension. 2012 Feb;59(2):212-8. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.178657. Epub 2012 Jan 3.
Parati G, Torlasco C, Pengo M, Bilo G, Ochoa JE Blood pressure variability: its relevance for cardiovascular homeostasis and cardiovascular diseases. Hypertens Res. 2020 Jul;43(7):609-620. doi: 10.1038/s41440-020-0421-5. Epub 2020 Mar 13.
Rosei EA, Chiarini G, Rizzoni D How important is blood pressure variability? Eur Heart J Suppl. 2020 Jun;22(Suppl E):E1-E6. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/suaa061. Epub 2020 Apr 6.
Whelton PK, Carey RM, Mancia G, Kreutz R, Bundy JD, Williams B Harmonization of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension Blood Pressure/Hypertension Guidelines: Comparisons, Reflections, and Recommendations. Circulation. 2022 Sep 13;146(11):868-877. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.054602. Epub 2022 Aug 11.
Impact of Home and Clinical Blood Pressure Variability on Arteriosclerosis and Metabolic Indicators
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
